A rare picture of the execution of 14 Iraqis accused of spying for. Capital punishment - Wikipedia. Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. The sentence that someone be punished in such a manner is referred to as a death sentence, whereas the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. The term capital is derived from the Latincapitalis (. In the European Union, Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment. In most countries that practise capital punishment it is reserved for murder, espionage, treason, or as part of military justice. In some countries sexual crimes, such as rape, adultery, incest and sodomy, carry the death penalty, as do religious crimes such as apostasy in Islamic nations (the formal renunciation of the state religion). In many countries that use the death penalty, drug trafficking is also a capital offence. In China, human trafficking and serious cases of corruption are punished by the death penalty. In militaries around the world courts- martial have imposed death sentences for offences such as cowardice, desertion, insubordination, and mutiny. Most historical records and various primitive tribal practices indicate that the death penalty was a part of their justice system. Communal punishment for wrongdoing generally included compensation by the wrongdoer, corporal punishment, shunning, banishment and execution. Usually, compensation and shunning were enough as a form of justice. Possibly related executions: 1969: The peasants of Thanh Phong (allegedly. South Vietnam counterposed the unedifying spectacle of a 17-year-old patriot put to. Vietnam in HD E04 An Endless War (1968-1969) 720P HD - Duration: 43:21. The Executions of Benito Mussolini and Clara Petacci - Duration: 3:24. EXECUTIONS: Titre original: UN DETECTIVE: R Warning - Item Live execution by beheading in Saudi Arabia might contain content that is not suitable for all ages. New Mexico abolished the death penalty in 1969. Trying to end capital punishment state-by-state was difficult at best. Death row executions could again begin. 1969 Baghdad hangings Memorial in Or Yehuda, Israel dedicated to the 9 Jews executed. Despite significant international criticism of the executions. Prisoners Executed Since Independence. Background Afzal Guru was born in 1969 in of Du Aadgah near Sopore town in Jammu and Kashmir to. This form of justice was common before the emergence of an arbitration system based on state or organized religion. It may result from crime, land disputes or a code of honour. Compensation was based on the principle of substitution which might include material (for example, cattle, slave) compensation, exchange of brides or grooms, or payment of the blood debt. Settlement rules could allow for animal blood to replace human blood, or transfers of property or blood money or in some case an offer of a person for execution. The person offered for execution did not have to be an original perpetrator of the crime because the system was based on tribes, not individuals. Blood feuds could be regulated at meetings, such as the Norsementhings. One of the more modern refinements of the blood feud is the duel. A complete list of all inmates executed in Florida since the reinstatement of the Death Penalty in 1976. Title: La Celestina (1969) 8.5 /10. Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? In certain parts of the world, nations in the form of ancient republics, monarchies or tribal oligarchies emerged. These nations were often united by common linguistic, religious or family ties. Moreover, expansion of these nations often occurred by conquest of neighbouring tribes or nations. Consequently, various classes of royalty, nobility, various commoners and slave emerged. Accordingly, the systems of tribal arbitration were submerged into a more unified system of justice which formalized the relation between the different . The earliest and most famous example is Code of Hammurabi which set the different punishment and compensation, according to the different class/group of victims and perpetrators. The Torah (Jewish Law), also known as the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Christian Old Testament), lays down the death penalty for murder, kidnapping, magic, violation of the Sabbath, blasphemy, and a wide range of sexual crimes, although evidence suggests that actual executions were rare. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offences. When abolishing the death penalty Xuanzong ordered his officials to refer to the nearest regulation by analogy when sentencing those found guilty of crimes for which the prescribed punishment was execution. Thus depending on the severity of the crime a punishment of severe scourging with the thick rod or of exile to the remote Lingnan region might take the place of capital punishment. However, the death penalty was restored only 1. An Lushan Rebellion. Under Xuanzong capital punishment was relatively infrequent, with only 2. Strangulation was the prescribed sentence for lodging an accusation against one's parents or grandparents with a magistrate, scheming to kidnap a person and sell them into slavery and opening a coffin while desecrating a tomb. Decapitation was the method of execution prescribed for more serious crimes such as treason and sedition. Despite the great discomfort involved, most of the Tang Chinese preferred strangulation to decapitation, as a result of the traditional Tang Chinese belief that the body is a gift from the parents and that it is, therefore, disrespectful to one's ancestors to die without returning one's body to the grave intact. Some further forms of capital punishment were practised in the Tang dynasty, of which the first two that follow at least were extralegal. The second was truncation, in which the convicted person was cut in two at the waist with a fodder knife and then left to bleed to death. Even when this privilege was not granted, the law required that the condemned minister be provided with food and ale by his keepers and transported to the execution ground in a cart rather than having to walk there. Nearly all executions under the Tang dynasty took place in public as a warning to the population. The heads of the executed were displayed on poles or spears. When local authorities decapitated a convicted criminal, the head was boxed and sent to the capital as proof of identity and that the execution had taken place. During the reign of Henry VIII of England, as many as 7. During this period, there were widespread claims that malevolent Satanicwitches were operating as an organized threat to Christendom. As a result, tens of thousands of women were prosecuted and executed through the witch trials of the early modern period (between the 1. The death penalty also targeted sexual offences such as sodomy. In England, the Buggery Act 1. James Pratt and John Smith were the last two Englishmen to be executed for sodomy in 1. The 1. 2th century Jewish legal scholar, Moses Maimonides, wrote, . Maimonides's concern was maintaining popular respect for law, and he saw errors of commission as much more threatening than errors of omission. The period saw an increase in standing police forces and permanent penitential institutions. Rational choice theory, a utilitarian approach to criminology which justifies punishment as a form of deterrence as opposed to retribution, can be traced back to Cesare Beccaria, whose influential treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1. Official recognition of this phenomenon led to executions being carried out inside prisons, away from public view. In England in the 1. These were mainly property offences, for example cutting down a cherry tree in an orchard. Tens of millions were killed in wars between nation- states as well as genocide perpetrated by nation states against political opponents (both perceived and actual), ethnic and religious minorities; the Turkish assault on the Armenians, Hitler'sattempt to exterminate the European Jews, the Khmer Rougedecimation of Cambodia, the massacre of the Tutsis in Rwanda, to cite four of the most notorious examples. A large part of execution was the summary execution of enemy combatants. In Nazi Germany there were three types of capital punishment; hanging, decapitation and death by shooting. The Soviets, for example, executed 1. World War II. One method of execution, since firearms came into common use, has also been firing squad, although some countries use execution with a single shot to the head or neck. Various authoritarian states. According to Robert Conquest, the leading expert on Stalin's purges, more than 1 million Soviet citizens were executed during the Great Terror of 1. Partly as a response to such excesses, civil rights organizations have started to place increasing emphasis on the concept of human rights and an abolition of the death penalty. Among countries around the world, almost all European and many Pacific Area states (including Australia, New Zealand and Timor Leste), and Canada have abolished capital punishment. In Latin America, most states have completely abolished the use of capital punishment while some countries, such as Brazil, allow for capital punishment only in exceptional situations, such as treason committed during wartime. The United States (the federal government and 3. Guatemala, most of the Caribbean and the majority of democracies in Asia (for example, Japan and India) and Africa (for example, Botswana and Zambia) retain it. South Africa's Constitutional Court, in judgment of the case of State v Makwanyane and Another, unanimously abolished the death penalty on 6 June 1. The United States is a notable exception: some states have had bans on capital punishment for decades, the earliest is Michigan, where it was abolished in 1. The death penalty there remains a contentious issue which is hotly debated. In abolitionist countries, the debate is sometimes revived by particularly brutal murders though few countries have brought it back after abolishing it. However, a spike in serious, violent crimes, such as murders or terrorist attacks, has prompted some countries (such as Sri Lanka and Jamaica) to effectively end the moratorium on the death penalty. In retention countries, the debate is sometimes revived when a miscarriage of justice has occurred though this tends to cause legislative efforts to improve the judicial process rather than to abolish the death penalty. Modern- day public opinion. The public opinion on the death penalty varies considerably by country and by the crime in question. Countries where a majority of people are against execution include New Zealand, where 5. France developed the guillotine for this reason in the final years of the 1. Britain banned drawing and quartering in the early 1. Hanging by turning the victim off a ladder or by kicking a stool or a bucket, which causes death by suffocation, was replaced by long drop . Executed. Today. com » Vietnam. Add comment. August 6th, 2. Headsman. Vietnam on this date in 2. Nguyen Anh Tuan. Anh Tuan robbed and murdered a woman in 2. The new execution method was scheduled to take effect July 1, 2. As in its country of birth, America, the needle- and- gurney contraption was afflicted by by shortages of the killing drugs. The European Union’s unwillingness to permit import for use in capital punishment eventually led Vietnam to arrange for local production instead. Vietnam’s annual execution toll unofficially runs into the dozens. On this day. Entry Filed under: 2. Century,Capital Punishment,Common Criminals,Crime,Death Penalty,Execution,Lethal Injection,Milestones,Murder,Ripped from the Headlines,Theft,Vietnam. Tags: 2. 01. 0s, 2. Add comment. June 2. Headsman. On this date in 1. French expeditionary force’s summary battlefield executions marked its retreat from an ambush — and the approach of the Sino- French War. Having established a foothood in south Vietnam (Cochinchina), France was pushing into north Vietnam (Tonkin) — a campaign that could open a potentially lucrative route straight into China. For the same reason, China viewed Tonkin as its own security zone. The ensuing skirmishes had as we lay our scene been recently abated by the Tientsin Accord* — an accord on France’s terms, since she had lately enjoyed the run of play in the field. One of those terms was Chinese withdrawal from Tonkin, and as one might expect the Chinese had little appetite to speedily effect such a submission. In June 1. 88. 4, when a small French column commanded by a Lt. Alphone Dugenne pushed into what was supposed to be France’s new satrapy, it expected to occupy undefended towns. Instead, on June 2. Song Thuong River, Dugenne’s force encountered Chinese regulars manning a chain of clifftop forts. Outnumbered and on unfamiliar ground, the French surely felt their vulnerability. The fiery atmosphere did not allow any ret, even during the night, and terrible showers of rain, accompanied with thunder and lightning, converted the rivulets into torrents which swept everything before them, soaked the poor soldiers and destroyed provisions.”A delegation under flag of truce informed Dugenne that China’s commander was aware of the Tientsin Accord, but had received no superior orders to withdraw. This obviously put both forces in an uncomfortable position. The Chinese wanted time: was this a good faith sorting- out (the Tientsin arrangements were barely six weeks old), or a double game? When the eventual winners wrote the history of events, they called what ensued June 2. Bac Le ambush. Believing that he had an arrangement with his opposite number, Dugenne’s column moved ahead on the afternoon of the 2. Chinese positions. Suddenly — and accounts from the two sides each accuse the other of provoking the first shots — the French came under Chinese fire. In the course of it, Dugenne ordered at least two sets of executions to maintain discipline: early in the morning, it was “the hanging of two Chinese spies who had just been caught . China’s refusal to meet the ensuing French demands for satisfaction in this affair would by August trigger open war in Tonkin.* Not to be confused with 1. Treaty of Tientsin, which actually ended the Sino- French War.** San Francisco Evening Bulletin, Sep. On this day. Entry Filed under: 1. Century,Capital Punishment,China,Death Penalty,Execution,France,Hanged,History,Known But To God,Mass Executions,No Formal Charge,Occupation and Colonialism,Shot,Soldiers,Spies,Summary Executions,Vietnam,Wartime Executions. Tags: 1. 88. 0s, 1. Add comment. June 6th, 2. Headsman. On an unknown date thought to be approximately June of 1. American photojournalists Sean Flynn and Dana Stone were executed by Communist captors in Southeast Asia. Flynn is the big name of the pair,* literally: a former actor, he wasn’t in like his superstar father Errol Flynn. After trading on his prestigious name for a few silver screen credits, Sean grew bored of Hollywood and pivoted into a career in wanderlust — trying his hand as a safari guide and a singer before washing up in Vietnam where the action was in January 1. He made his name there as a man who would find a way to snatch an indelible image out of war’s hurricane, even at the risk of his own life. On April 6, 1. 97. Flynn and fellow risk- seeking photojournalist Dana Stone hopped on rented motorbikes bound for the front lines in Cambodia. It was a last mission born of their characteristic bravado — all but bursting out of the frame astride their crotch rockets in the last photo that would become their epitaph. They were never seen again; having apparently been detained at a Viet Cong checkpoint, it’s thought that they ended up in the hands of Cambodian Khmer Rouge guerrillas and were held for over a year before they were slain by their jailers. Sean’s mother, actress Lili Damita, spent years seeking definitive information about his fate, without success. Dana’s brother, John Thomas Stone, joined the army in 1. Afghanistan in 2. The prevailing conclusion about their fate arrives via the investigation of their colleague and friend, Australian journalist Tim Page — a man for whom memorializing the journalists who lost their lives during the Vietnam War has been a lifelong mission. Though Flynn’s and Stone’s guts are undeniable, not everyone appreciated their methods. Cowboys, really,” said fellow photog Don Mc. Cullin. The demonstrators were convicted by a military tribunal of engaging in terrorist activities and put before a firing squad in a soccer stadium at Da Nang. An earlier execution of a Viet Cong terrorist by the government June 2. Communists that they had executed Sgt. Kenneth Mills Roraback and Capt. Humbert Roque “Rocky” Versace. In 2. 00. 2, Versace would be posthumously awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor — the first Vietnam War soldier so decorated on grounds of unwavering defiance as a POW. On this day. Entry Filed under: 2. Century,Cycle of Violence,Execution,History,No Formal Charge,Occupation and Colonialism,Shot,Soldiers,Summary Executions,Torture,U. S. Military,USA,Vietnam,War Crimes,Wartime Executions. Tags: 1. 96. 0s, 1. June 1. 7th, 2. 01. Headsman. June 1. Vietnam for the sacrifice under the French guillotine this date of 1. These were members of the nationalist Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang (VNQDD, or Viet Quoc). Not averse to the propaganda of the deed, these revolutionaries labored secretly under onerous French pressure following the previous year’s assassination of a labor recruiter.* A year later (almost to the hour), with the movement crippled by arrests, the VNQDD tried an audacious gambit to revive its fortunes and trigger a general rising against the French. The Yen Bai mutiny — named for the Tonkincity where it transpired** — saw 4. Vietnamese riflemen of the Fourth R. They were whisked out of their cells on the preceding evening and taken by secret convoy on a four- hour ride to the Yen Bai execution grounds, where a guillotine had been covertly erected. We are going to go to pay our debt for the country. The flag of independence must be dyed with blood. The flower of freedom must be sown with blood. The country needs more and more sacrifices of its people. The revolution would meet success finally. We want to say goodbye to all of you with our respects.- Nguyen Thai Hoc, taking his final leave of imprisoned VNQDD comrades. From 4: 5. 5 a. m. One by one, each of their necks were fixed by the lunette under the blade. One by one, each cried out “Vietnam!” as the blade fell. Bui Tu Toan. Nguyen Duc Thinh. Nguyen Van Tiem. Nguyen Nhu Lien. Pho Duc Chinh, who allegedly asked (it’s unclear to me whether it was granted) to be guillotined face- up — perhaps a show of bravado. The founder of the VNQDD Nguyen Thai Hoc, whose name now graces a major street in the heart of Hanoi. The VNQDD at this point was organizationally shattered, and many of its un- arrested cadres fled to China — whose sponsorship would revive it and return it to Vietnam in the 1. By then, the communists were in the saddle in Vietnam. In 1. 94. 6, Ho Chi Minhpurged the VNQDD from the national independence coalition. Its remnants would wind up in South Vietnam; today the Viet Quoc persists mostly in exile.* The labor recruiter is only tangential to the Yen Bai story, but their function, to dragoon Vietnamese peasants into brutal plantation work on terms next door to slavery, made them particularly hated characters. More about that racket in this 1. Frenchman.** A few other minor secondary incidents occurred elsewhere in the area, but the epicenter of the rising was always Yen Bai. Thanh Phong was reportedly an official U. S. That meant that any Vietnamese civilians within it were presumptively enemies and could be slain at will — according to the U. S. Army, if not to any recognizable law of war. In Thanh Phong, they were slain. Nearly every single person in the town. Gregory Vistica’s disturbing investigation brought this story to wide public attention in 2. Kerrey’s Raiders — the commando team’s comradely self- designation — were hunting a local National Liberation Front “general secretary” purported to be in Thanh Phong. By “hunting,” we mean they intended to murder him; given the nature and timing of the operation, it was presumably part of the brute- force assassination program Operation Speedy Express and/or its equally sinister CIA- run cousin, the Phoenix Program. On this particular mission, Lt. Kerrey’s team first encountered an unexpected hut, not on their map. Fearing the people inhabiting it would blow their cover, they entered and killed the five inhabitants: quietly, intimately, at close quarters with their knives. It was an old man, a woman, and three young children. It’s a nasty business but it’s not what qualifies Thanh Phong as a potential execution . This same platoon had been to Thanh Phong two weeks before, and reported then that it held nothing but a few women. On February 2. 5, they found much the same scene: no “general secretary.” Just 1.
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